In the annals of military aviation history, the North American B-45 Tornado holds a special place as a series of pioneering firsts for the United States. As the first American four-engine jet bomber, it not only carried atomic bombs but also had the distinction of being the first to refuel mid-air. Despite its groundbreaking status and service during the Korean War, where it experienced the ignominy of becoming the first jet bomber to be downed by a jet fighter, only three examples of this Cold War trailblazer survive today as museum exhibits.

Although overshadowed by the Boeing B-47 Stratojet’s introduction into the USAF fleet, the Tornado’s capabilities were not to be understated. Its technical specifications included a maximum speed of 570 mph, a range of 1,000 miles, and a maximum weight of 110,000 lbs. It was armed with two .50-cal. machine guns in the tail and could carry up to 22,000 lbs. of bombs, including atomic ordnance.

The B-45’s role during the Korean War highlighted both its utility and vulnerability. The early operation of the B-45 was plagued by engine issues, along with many other minor flaws that undermined its usability. While the bomber performed admirably as a reconnaissance platform, the rise of capable jet fighters meant that it could no longer rely on speed alone for protection. This shift was underscored when a B-45 became the first jet bomber to be shot down by a jet fighter, marking a notable moment in aerial combat history.

Despite this setback, the Tornado’s service life included significant achievements. In response to NATO’s concerns about Soviet capabilities in Europe, existing B-45As were converted for nuclear strike roles and stationed with the 47th Bomb Wing at RAF Sculthorpe until 1958. This strategic presence underscored the aircraft’s role in deterrence during a tense period of the Cold War.

The reconnaissance variant, the RB-45C, also saw noteworthy service with the RAF’s 35 and 115 Squadrons as part of Operation Jiu Jitsu. Due to restrictions on the USAF overflying Soviet territory, the British Government stepped in, allowing RB-45Cs to conduct intelligence-gathering missions over the Soviet Union until 1954. As a platform that could operate at high altitudes and speeds, the B-45 Tornado was a harbinger of the jet age in military aviation and the rapidly advancing capabilities of nuclear deterrence strategies.

related images you might be interested.